Hidradenitis suppurativa - 化膿性汗腺炎
化膿性汗腺炎 (Hidradenitis suppurativa)（第一階段），位於腋下。這是一例非常輕微的化膿性汗腺炎 (Hidradenitis suppurativa)病例。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesHidradenitis suppurativa 是一種慢性皮膚疾病，會反覆發作，嚴重影響日常生活。它是由毛囊發炎所致，常伴隨細菌感染。醫師會根據瘡口的類型（如結節、膿瘍或竇道）、發生部位（多見於皮膚皺褶處）、復發頻率與持續時間來進行診斷。
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent, and debilitating skin condition. It is an inflammatory disorder of the follicular epithelium, but secondary bacterial infection can often occur. The diagnosis is made clinically based on typical lesions (nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts), locations (skin folds), and nature of relapses and chronicity.
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent, and debilitating skin condition. It is an inflammatory disorder of the follicular epithelium, but secondary bacterial infection can often occur. The diagnosis is made clinically based on typical lesions (nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts), locations (skin folds), and nature of relapses and chronicity.
非生物和非手術治療通常僅用於輕度疾病；在中度至重度疾病時，則可與生物治療或手術結合使用。近期研究進一步證實，將皮質類固醇直接注射於病變部位，對熱射病發作及局部病變具有療效。此外，研究顯示，單獨使用四環素的效果，與克林黴素合併利福平的效果相當。
Non-biologic and non-procedural treatments are often used as monotherapy for mild disease and can be used in conjunction with biologic therapy and surgery for moderate to severe disease. Recent studies highlighted in this review add support for the use of intralesional corticosteroids for HS flares and localized lesions, and there is evidence that monotherapy with tetracyclines may be as effective as the clindamycin/rifampicin combination.
Non-biologic and non-procedural treatments are often used as monotherapy for mild disease and can be used in conjunction with biologic therapy and surgery for moderate to severe disease. Recent studies highlighted in this review add support for the use of intralesional corticosteroids for HS flares and localized lesions, and there is evidence that monotherapy with tetracyclines may be as effective as the clindamycin/rifampicin combination.
許多治療方法可用於化膿性汗腺炎，包括抗生素、類維生素A、抗雄激素、免疫抑制劑、抗發炎藥物以及早期病變的放射治療。 目前最推薦的治療方式是阿達木單抗 (adalimumab) 與雷射療法 (laser therapy)。 對於其他治療效果不佳的嚴重或晚期病例，手術（簡單切除或完全局部切除並植皮）則為首選。
Many treatments are used for hidradenitis suppurativa, including antibiotics, retinoids, antiandrogens, immune-suppressing drugs, anti-inflammatory medications, and radiotherapy for early lesions. The top recommended treatments are adalimumab and laser therapy. Surgery, either simple excision or complete local excision with skin grafting, is the preferred option for severe, advanced cases that don't respond well to other treatments.
Many treatments are used for hidradenitis suppurativa, including antibiotics, retinoids, antiandrogens, immune-suppressing drugs, anti-inflammatory medications, and radiotherapy for early lesions. The top recommended treatments are adalimumab and laser therapy. Surgery, either simple excision or complete local excision with skin grafting, is the preferred option for severe, advanced cases that don't respond well to other treatments.
確切原因尚不明朗，但据信與遺傳與環境因素共同作用有關。約有三分之一的患者有受影響的家族成員。其他危險因子包括肥胖與吸菸。此疾病並非因感染或衛生條件不佳所致。
目前尚無根治方法。切開病變以促進引流的效果有限。雖然抗生素常被使用，但其療效證據仍不足。免疫抑制藥物亦可嘗試。對於病情較嚴重的患者，雷射治療或外科切除受累皮膚可能是可行的選擇。極少數情況下，皮膚病變可能演變為皮膚癌。
若將包括化膿性汗腺炎 (hidradenitis suppurativa) 的輕度病例在內，估計其發生率為人口的 1‑4%。女性罹患此病的機率約為男性的三倍，通常於成年早期發病。